きっかけは、この論文である。
糖分を含む飲み物を飲む頻度の高い人が2型糖尿病になりやすいことは、膨大なデータを参照するまでもなく、当たり前のこととしてごく自然に受け入れられるだろう。だから、それをデータによって裏付けたとしても、さほど驚きをもって迎えられることはない。
しかし、である。
共通のデータから、人口甘味料を含む飲み物を飲む頻度の高い人も2型糖尿病になりやすいという結果が導き出されてしまったから大変だ。もし、これが事実なら、加糖飲料を避けてダイエット飲料の類を選ぶことは、糖尿病の予防という観点からは全く意味がないことになる。
この結果をどう受け止めるべきだろうか？
Consumption of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages and incident type 2 diabetes in the Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale–European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 97, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 517–523, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.050997
ABSTRACT
Background: It has been extensively shown, mainly in US populations, that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but less is known about the effects of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs).
Objective: We evaluated the association between self-reported SSB, ASB, and 100% fruit juice consumption and T2D risk over 14 y of follow-up in the French prospective Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale–European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.
Design: A total of 66,118 women were followed from 1993, and 1369 incident cases of T2D were diagnosed during the follow-up. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for T2D risk.
Results: The average consumption of sweetened beverages in consumers was 328 and 568 mL/wk for SSBs and ASBs, respectively. Compared with nonconsumers, women in the highest quartiles of SSB and ASB consumers were at increased risk of T2D with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.34 (1.05, 1.71) and 2.21 (1.56, 3.14) for women who consumed >359 and >603 mL/wk of SSBs and ASBs, respectively. Strong positive trends in T2D risk were also observed across quartiles of consumption for both types of beverage (P = 0.0088 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In sensitivity analyses, associations were partly mediated by BMI, although there was still a strong significant independent effect. No association was observed for 100% fruit juice consumption.
Conclusions: Both SSB consumption and ASB consumption were associated with increased T2D risk. We cannot rule out that factors other than ASB consumption that we did not control for are responsible for the association with diabetes, and randomized trials are required to prove a causal link between ASB consumption and T2D.
